New Energy Sources: The Enzymatic Biofuel Cell
نویسندگان
چکیده
A busca contínua por fontes alternativas de energia, imposta por interesses econômicos e ambientais, tem motivado investigações sobre alternativas limpas e eficientes para a produção de energia. As células a combustível são uma estratégia potencialmente eficaz para a conversão de energia. As biocélulas a combustível constituem uma subclasse das células a combustível, que possuem grande potencial para aplicação em dispositivos de baixa potência (geralmente da ordem de micro a mili watts). Ao invés dos tradicionais catalisadores metálicos, as células a combustível biológicas empregam biomoléculas, tais como enzimas, microrganismos, ou organelas para converter energia química em energia eléctrica. As biocélulas a combustível oferecem várias vantagens frente às baterias tradicionais, incluindo o uso de componentes renováveis e não-tóxicos, seletividade de reação, flexibilidade de combustíveis, e a capacidade de operar em temperaturas brandas e pH neutro. De fato, estudos recentes têm demonstrado características promissoras destes dispositivos; no entanto, apesar dos vários avanços obtidos nesta área, alguns desafios ainda precisa ser enfrentados. Este trabalho de revisão tem como objetivo proporcionar aos leitores do Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society uma visão geral das biocélulas a combustível enzimáticas, e o seu desenvolvimento desde a primeira descrição em 1964. Os resultados mais recente da literatura (incluindo a tecnologia implantável), além de uma perspectiva para futuras pesquisas nesta área também são apresentados.
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تاریخ انتشار 2013